Live coding of graphics

From Toplap
Revision as of 10:42, 2 September 2007 by 190.7.62.202 (talk)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

alan 451r tisuby y georgina www dago it chat gartuito conversaciones ragazze poggibonsi i simpson ati 9200se scala metallo seat pagina gialla colores ingles testi canzoni ska p saune gay www mediaword alfred great www google org que es el focus group kara s la gnocca tuta da lavoro sony registratore vocale irak videos luisa corna gallery robotics router wireless fantastici 4 musica film gladiatore www sda composizioni fiori paramilitare h b 430 deux freres lettura delle mano giallo frigorifero scarpe beige www fotografia it califonia dreaming intervideo dvd copy platinum 2 reggio emilia olio oliva extravergine gastronomia orologio casio roma carlos kleiber lamante del re mare foto sardegna buddha bar vii scope elettriche con battitappeto f prot antivirus hard drive sata www bravoclub it azioni eni lcd 1600 1200 sixy pinay com harry potter pc videogiochi logitech webcam quickcam chat usb 2 0 codes tps lettori dvx portatili regalo furetto ricoh aficio g500 tipos de scanner panasonic x500 bici da corsa in carbonio ciclismo disegni con la neve sexuality toshiba monitor io voglio vivere bajar juego gratis scherzo telefonici madre costume volerevolare wild danse router adsl d link dore dozen harasymowicz, jerzy salute donna di torino la lettera non spedita il capro espiatorio caricatore mercedes ragazza viareggio sigla smakdown citroen xm 2.5 navigatore per auto telecamera ps2 coutries fall portale3 tre it 133 detail pid 1416 housing on line online goethes erben. was war bleibt elegante de boutique rs-232 wireless hp photosmart 7450 photo printer www searsportrait com angel stagione 1 chi mi dice testo scanjet 8290 annuncio lavoro messina pioneer djm vorrei battisti ukrain mediel chrysler voyager 2004 allison nuoro integratori di creatina e aminoacidi jvc th-a75r beauty farm lago di garda mortal kombact try again di aaliyah volante formula vibration feedback wheel benedetta parodi luce solare flecknoe, richard radeon 9250 256mb ddr setimo cielo nuove puntate navigator gps scanner 120 cesar franck pamela andersson rosuvastatina uci olympus dv-60 memoria 512 mb 400mhz sonds noi peccatori guat avr 2106 halle an der saale tastiera usata messaggio per augurare buon compleanno ziel serena garitta nuda palmari vendita camera it l importante e finire gian 22 golden mine mario winans feat enya coded arms epson stylus photo 870 glucosamina e condroitina abbigliamento ciclismo muro nardi rd 20 s rex amd athlon 1800 hard disk seagate ux series testo canzone hollywood fun magic 1 4 mpio fl 300 belle e bone cpu amd athlon xp winnans agenzia matrimoniali varese wanna marchio hp 3222 ospedale cisanello pisa batterie nokia 6230 dwl 50at searchweb cover buoni cattivi home theatre lg dat 200 video porno di ragazze di 16 anni ragazza buccinasco musica da copiare modell heckscher puppy alfa romeo spider 1996 a febbraio arriva doom martellago mp3 key usb hub parallel e spose onde blu panca unica fi 22 vido t rio canti nuovi sergio bruni glaucoma infantile cinture prada i due volti della paura musica de evangelion musica7 www woman com box thermaltake cartina europa nokiovo honda jazz live per te audio analogue kingston value pornografia de michelle vieth fujitsu lcd 17-2 fabio cozzani www beegees it de risio lcd sony 19 nares, sir george strong le alpi. meraviglie deuropa codex indeo vogue line cassano esame foto annunci impiantistica meridionale sas comune cremona tomatis alfred foto di miss molise take to the clouds above media center m1280 en la disco bailoteo de gran omar dimagrire gravidanza oreficeria argenteria donne tg processori amd 64 deja una rosa en tu balcon grupo brindis kurume realismo pittori tedeschi desko lavorazioni meccaniche conto terzi pompe elettriche sito flash immagini culi sway bubble fotoromanzo stradario di milano consulto cartomanzia amore canguros haendel halleluia teddybear music lilli gruber fakes www ottica it haruka auto treviso tesi outlet escorts roma adidas 76 radeon 9600pro cumbia kins coldplay trouble acer 4005wlmi professionisti trevi 2607 the car deborah kerr lavoro con telefono sex carrozzerie rally i miserabili depardieu liliane tauranga silvio gigli calciomercato oggi vhf marino portatile cld 135 tracy e il signore del piano di sopra collezionismo cartoline illustrate generale vasco annuncio personali salerno ddr 2 resident evil (biohazard) vivavoce auto nokia societa di lavoro interinale smartphone i-mate swet home alabama cantanti italiani xeon ibm computer los rebujitos levi se questo e un uomo www rendy ingerman calendario 2004 i concessionaria suzuki milano paul klee ram 72 pin case in costruzione oakley jacket polarized rosa scompiglio e i suoi amanti buddha bar 3 adattatore da viaggio apple rey misterio senza maschera lg l1750s video sexy luisa corna rita cadi le persecuzioni degli ebrei mf3110 toner hp deskjet 990cxi do it do it again www bakire com jeet kune do il libro segreto di bruce calendario alessandro preziosi valtur italia selen video porno nuove immagini per heroes of the pacific scoreggiare beau de rochas, alphonse government loans bbb nuas avete inserito pure il mio tel gamuz com comune di bagnoli ospedale pisa s t dupont san sperate alexdelpiero videosgratuitos mp3 traxdata fabio lety linkin park numb monolocale da acquistare al mare se fossi re bandido ghei scherzi per pc leviathan porsche carrera 2 cabrio 996 2002 ola tala angelo demone mi dispiace devo andare van helsing soluzione x psx2 fax stampante multifunzione p30 130 toshiba prolunghe usb memory stick duo pro 1gb hovey, richard boowling mercatino natale veneto l altra faccia della luna tribunal siena sacrifice lisa decapitazione dell americano humax toh 3 3 hot 2 2 free pocket pc tastiere per karaoke lg u8138 bit tere sanam mimi maura carrere, emilio kelie you drive me crazy tejo mangime gatto spose usb porsche hosanna music immagini it gosht n goblins air mattress miltina hotel a bressanone cutey honey barzellette michael jackson burt bucharach lele eprom marlene kunz www lazio it modem adsl2 planet come don chisciotte inno giro italia w250 numeri di fax giovanni trapattoni troie,it mi consenta si contenga iuniverse com la donna, il sesso, il superuomo autonoleggio a reggio calabria sistema tributario tedesco ergotismo silvi marina albergo albergo riviera romagnola delmas campeggio parigi eva gonzalez libri e racconti vari dizionario tedesco italiano barinight com dvd-ram 9 4gb detergente intimo toner canon mf3110 integratori vitamina b riffa dvb schede tv immagini di chaplin custodia subacquea hp temi francese eon nissan cartier orologio inchiostro cartuccia asdreni kodak easyshare cx7525 melody rolling stones arano giovanni pascoli condizionatore 9000 sangiorgio lava asciuga samsung batteria videocamera ceolin group obsession no es amor adventura victoria sil canon efs traduzione i don t want you bach loghi operatore gratis testo di if aint got you vini svezia kasa mp3 yu gi oh le carte delle divinita egizie max scopate pompini inculate divx lcd tv medal gere solid d link dsl g604t padre davvero mia martini bungee jumping emilia netgear dg632 luci psichedeliche a roma tempo di regali winnie de pooh film dvd video dell attentato in america dell 11 greenday basket case esorcista link buon natale telefonino samsung e 640 linda blair la legenda del piave psudomonas ram 256 mb e tutto unattimo la storia di indro montanelli the rison notizie palestina invio sms gratis senza registrazione autolettiga nc key na bandana cockerell, sir christopher si... periodare km0 mercedes classe c diesel auto km 0 jack rca 3 lavatrici candy 33 cm luca barbarossa amore rubato teatro san domenico crema shifty come along side orchestral intwine palazzi nobiliari atlantic schilly 3 prestito emilia romagna regione sicilia e province foto porno anziane presario compaq computer citroen c3 xtr city suv phocus wms zalman fan mate italinea kate nude ichihara el grafico it milano trema giochi per dulti belvedere amalfi hl 5150d www elettrodomestici orologi imitazioni j f purdey home teatre infinity i can t incantesimi del libro delle ombre ergon promotion mobili country fica enorme foto amatoriali di culi telefonino gprs la da delle streghe www eticoweb it micromaniacs ps2 gioco vdo dayton autoradio breaving stilo 1.9 jtd ludell orologio iwc donne con cavalli labirynth seagate 7200 1 www bustarella piccoli prestiti pc 200 euro aretuseo samsung syncmaster 213t tft il silenzio dei prosciutti tace il labbro crack password hotmail nintendo gamecube accessori console moda mare 2004 ringraziare con un biglietto emotion mastronzo immagini amicizia gitme turnam tende da sole graduatoria concorso religione cattolica bistecchiere delonghi waldstein notebook geforce 6600 scheda madre processore pentium4 rata blanca mujer amnte le veline senza veli disegni di animali da colorare picassohead litaliano medio nikon d70 kit 18-70mm angelo mangione omega ti serenissima remix copertina cd ouch sony plasma tv sistema limbico testo di mon mi chiedermi branson cose fare je nai jamais pleure lac belle fighe nuova audi sportback dsg diesel auto clerks - commessi carica batteria gastrectomia totale annuncio affitti pistoia fornello campeggio eko speaker ddr-333mhz-cl2 5 balla diy prestito obbligazionario sboro gioco smack down 2004 dpr 220 del 2001 libretto madama butterfly canio torniai valle daosta le chat di amico mio on a day like today athlon 3500 obiettivi canon s2 www marilyn manson com assurbanipal britney chaotic stampante hp inkjet business 1200 giochi vecchio midi abre tu mente rebecca romijn www arianna it dvd rw divx con hd lettori tosoni nec bluetooth pc 64bit www mobango it kikiriki wireless gateway eva turman canon lide 500f djordje balasevic internet con il cellulare concerto take that codici umts dibujo porno canon power shot a520 sexy fat offerta lavoro banca erika klos wurzen hometown silent hill3 ombrello per passeggino nuove immagini per advance wars ds little tony dj louis pasteur loghi senza scaricare camera parigi ram 266 512 ddr dati e commerce ati 9550 schede video maxtor plus 9 illusione musica da sentire senales blu chat gb mp3 accessori carrozzine sicilia agriturismo chat in sicilia video pamela anderso porno tecnica di borsa videos gratis de orgasmos femeninos girando adecco siena valentine appuntamento con la morte film vacanza gay kenya mustek gruppo caramella video di oc obiettivi nikon 14 mm juij miles davis. miles electric. a different kind of blue budakai hp compaq center tarjetas disney hp psc 1215 tps viaccess guadagna ricevendo email biliardo antico xai-xai lo chiamavano mezzogiorno First some history.

Logo was developed in the 1960's originally as a text manipulation language. The use of it for graphics was initiated by Seymour Papert who developed the Turtle graphics extension for which Logo is now famous. Papert's main motivation was to build a simple system that would encourage children to learn programming, and although simple, Logo is a full language, with support for functional programming, file access and other IO.

Logo is often taught in schools and educational institutions as an introduction to programming. The idea behind Turtle graphics is a very physical one, and is often implemented in terms of controlling a robot.

A turtle can be imagined (or often built) as a floor roving robot with a pen positioned in its base. The pen can be raised or lowered to enable it to draw lines on the floor. In advanced implementations the pen can be swapped to change the colour of the line, but many see this as an unneccasary frivolity.

The basic turtle commands are very simple, and the following code will draw a square: 

FORWARD 100
LEFT 90
FORWARD 100
LEFT 90
FORWARD 100
LEFT 90
FORWARD 100

Also the commands for controlling the pen, PENUP and PENDOWN. The following code will draw a dashed line: 

FORWARD 10
PENUP
FORWARD 10
PENDOWN
FORWARD 10
PENUP
FORWARD 10
PENDOWN
FORWARD 10

Like any other language, Logo has support for looping, this command will draw a circle (as 360 lines): 

REPEAT 360 [FORWARD 1 LEFT 1]

To make a procedure: 

TO SQUARE 
 REPEAT 4 [FORWARD 10 RIGHT 90]
END

With arguments: 

TO SQUARE :size 
 REPEAT 4 [FORWARD :size RIGHT 90]
END

The thing is that Logo was often written live, in a command interpreter, and being a functional programming language (technically a variant of the lisp family) it's not very long until you start writing recursive graphics functions. This snippet draws a spiral: 

TO SPIRAL :length
 IF  :length > 30 [STOP]  ; have to end when the lines get too long
 FORWARD :length RIGHT 15 ; draw a line, and turn a bit
 SPIRAL :length *1.02     ; call ourself again, making the line a bit longer
END
SPIRAL 10

http://www.pawfal.org/nebogeo/images/spiral.png

A spiral.

Where is this all heading?

Well, recursive graphics are an elegant way of getting complex results from a bare minimum of code. In very few lines it's possible to draw a huge amount of fractal like complexity. This is obviously a good thing for an artist wishing to try live coding - a few minor changes to the code can result in big changes, so much so, that it often feels like cheating. 

TO TREE :distance 
 IF :distance < 5 [STOP]
 FORWARD :distance
 RIGHT 30
 TREE :distance-10
 LEFT 60
 TREE :distance-10
 RIGHT 30
 BACK :distance
END
TREE 80

http://www.pawfal.org/nebogeo/images/tree.png"

A tree.

Scheme

I mentioned earlier on that Logo was a variant of Lisp, well another (closer one) is Scheme. Here is the spiral program rewritten in scheme: 

(define (spiral distance)
    (forward distance) (right 15)
    (if (> distance 30)
        1
        (spiral (* distance 1.02))))

Scheme is a tiny, simple language. Like logo, scheme is often used as a teaching tool, for it's elegance and simplicity. People often use it to learn about programming languages, and as an extension scripting language for applications like the gimp. I wouldn't really like to write huge applications natively in scheme, but it has its merits as a live programming language, as you can get a lot done per line of code.

The prefix style--doing arithmetic like (* 4 5) where the operator goes first--seems confusing to begin with, but it actually makes the language a lot simpler as all function calls are the same. It's really easy to do recursion (actually, it's the only way of looping in Scheme), and also you can easily write scheme programs that edit and parse other scheme programs, but I haven't investigated this too much yet.

My first livecoding graphics environment was just a hacked version of a scheme example which implemented turtle graphics in a window. I changed the program to execute its scheme script every frame in a loop, so you could change stuff live.

Fluxus

Fluxus is a 3D rendering environment, a smaller version of the renderers you get in a game engine such as Unreal or Quake. It's also got a few extra features that game engines do not usually have, firstly it can capture audio input, and process the audio to extract the harmonic content of the sound. Secondly it is entirely driven by a realtime scheme script editor - for live coding.

As fluxus produces 3D objects, rather than lines - the graphics code is a little more complicated than the turtle graphics we've already seen. Fluxus uses a common method used in graphics, based on the OpenGL library that it uses, the state machine.

Lets have a look at some fluxus code: 

(colour (vector 1 0 0))
(draw_cube)
(colour (vector 0 1 0))
(draw_cube)

This fragment of script will draw a red cube and then a green cube. As the state of the colour state is changed, it effects the commands passed after it.

These states can also be stacked, using push and pop commands - which means to take a copy of the current state so you can change it and then pop it back to how it was before: 

(colour (vector 1 0 0))
(push)
(colour (vector 0 1 0))
(draw_cube)
(pop)
(draw_cube)

This will set the colour to red, then push the state, and draw a green cube. The pop then sets the state back to how it was before the push, and will then draw a red cube. I sometimes indent pushed state code like that to make it easier to read.

There are a few items that you can modify on the fluxus state machine - one of the most important is the transform state. This allows you to translate, rotate and scale objects, and follows the same rules as the colour state. As with Logo (where the state was just as important, but was implicit in the postion and orientation of the turtle) manipulating the state is handy for recursive modelling. 

(define (tree d)
 (push)
 (rotate (vector 0 30 0))     ; twist the branch
 (translate (vector 0 0.4 0)) ; move up a bit
 (scale (vector 0.8 0.8 0.8)) ; shrink so branches get smaller
 (push)
 (scale (vector 0.1 0.6 0.1)) ; make the cube thinner and more branch like
 (draw_cube) ; this is our cube 
 (pop)
 (if (eq? 0 d)
   1
   (begin (rotate (vector 0 0 45))
     (tree (- d 1))             ; one subtree branch
     (rotate (vector 0 0 -90))
     (tree (- d 1))))            ; another subtree branch
 (pop))
(colour (vector 1 1 1)) ; set current colour to white
(every-frame "(tree 10)") ; draw the tree every frame

http://www.pawfal.org/nebogeo/images/tree2.png

Another tree.

Live programming with fluxus

The audio input features combined with the same recursive graphics that come all the way from the days of Logo allow the live programmer to quickly make complex shapes that dance to sound (of course it works better if that sound is live coded too). I've found the best way to "play" fluxus in this way is to rig up a template recursive function that you can work on throughout a performance - adding new modifications and recursion depths as you see fit.

There is more to fluxus than recursion though. There are features allowing you to employ physics animation to your scene, so objects can fall, bounce off each other or be kicked around to the music. Also there is a full flocking system for boid like behaviours. One of the newest additions is a turtle style polygon modeller, so you can use a turtle to draw polygons and join them together into 3D shapes.

Links:

The logo figures in this document were produced with the Berkeley Logo distribution which can be downloaded from here: http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~bh/logo.html

Retrieved from "https://toplap.org/wiki/index.php?title=Live_coding_of_graphics&oldid=2617"